Exploring Middles School Students’ Perceptions of Factors Affecting Teacher-student Interactions in Online Courses during Covid-19 in China

The purpose of this study was to express middle school student's' perceptions the factors that influence online teacher-student interaction (TSI). We used a qualitative case design in an effort offer in-depth description students perceive as influencing TSI. Participants (N=12) were from 5 schools Nanning, Guangxi, China. Information collected with extensive semi-structured interviews and analyzed using five-step method mental research. Data analysis revealed three general themes about teachers' perceptions, including several components. found effective classroom skills, such emotion-based information exchange, teachers’ interactive initiatives, giving praise encouragement, identified dominant quality In addition, teachers discussed environmental factors, well attributes behaviors participants influencers TSI, understand their perceived dimensions results can be teacher education programs develop positive interventions enhance educators' understanding associated